中华豪门—古建筑木艺的运用的历史知识

本期编辑/开鸿顺KaiHongShun Studio————————

在世界建筑发展史中，中国古代建筑以鲜明的营造方式特点自成一体，而木质的构建或者装饰形式都在中国古建筑中的地位都是重要且不可或缺的。然而众多的装饰手法和形式当中，木雕艺术也是群星中相当璀璨的一颗，极大的丰富和加强了古代建筑的表现力。

In the history of world architecture development, Chinese ancient architecture is integrated with distinctive architectural features, while wooden construction or decorative forms are important and indispensable in Chinese ancient architecture...

无论帝王宫殿还是到普通百姓的农舍，从天花藻井、门窗格栅、门罩隔断到家具陈设等方面，装饰纹样与人们的生活习俗、审美观念、宗教意义都有很大的联系。

Whether in imperial palaces or in farmhouses of ordinary people, from ceiling caisson, door and window grilles, door cover partitions to furniture display, decorative patterns are closely related to people's living customs, aesthetic concepts and religious significance.

从古建筑的屋顶、屋身到基座各部分装饰无论是简单加工的脚线、还是造型复杂的动物植物形象，都出于房屋建筑各部位构建的需要，这些不是离开建筑构件而独立存在的，它们只是一种构建的外部形势，这是中国早期古建筑装饰的最基本的特点。

The decoration of various parts of the roof, the body and the base of ancient buildings, whether they are simply processed foot lines or complex animal and plant images, is based on the needs of the construction of various parts of the building. These are not independent of the building components...

中国自古以来对于木材的运用就堪称惊艳，从恢弘大气的木结构古建筑，到古香古色的木质家具，再到小巧精致的木艺饰品，无一不体现古人对于木材工艺的掌控，其中榫卯技术更是神乎其技，是传承了千年的智慧结晶。木艺是中华传统文化的重要元素，这些华丽、古朴的美让人感到震撼。

The use of wood in China has been amazing since ancient times. From the magnificent ancient buildings with wooden structures, to the antique wooden furniture, to the small and exquisite wooden ornaments, all of them reflect the ancient people's control of wood technology...

历史上中国的居室文化多以木为主体，以木建筑为居，以木家具为伴。木材有着丰富的表现形式，可以使用锯、刨、削、切、钉等多种修饰手法，在装饰美感和氛围的营造方面更能灵活运用。因材施艺，因物象形，木艺工匠大师们在尊重自然造物的基础上，往往能够创作出抒发艺术情感的木艺瑰宝。

Historically, China's living room culture is dominated by wood, with wood architecture as its home and wood furniture as its companion. Wood has a rich form of expression, which can be modified by sawing, planing, chipping, cutting, nailing and other means, and can be flexibly used in the construction of decorative beauty and atmosphere...

我国古建筑的装饰形式包括:屋顶装饰;台基装饰;木柱装饰;门窗挂落装饰等等。虽然装饰的形式和手法各异但是所采用的内容无外平是深受中国传统文化的影响的。大多采用中国传统的植物，例如:梅、兰、竹、菊、荷花等等;动物也多采用龙、凤、虎、龟、四圣兽和狮子、麒麟、鹿、鹤等具有吉祥寓意动物。

The decorative forms of ancient buildings in China include: roof decoration; Platform base decoration; Wood column decoration; Door and window hanging decoration, etc. Although the forms and methods of decoration are different, the contents adopted are all plain, which are deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture...

所有这些装饰不仅在形象上具有一定的形式美感，而且古人还赋予它们一定的象征意义诸如吉祥、富贵、高洁、长寿以表达人们的期许和希望。

All these decorations not only have a certain formal beauty in image, but also the ancients gave them certain symbolic meanings such as auspiciousness, wealth, purity and longevity to express people's expectations and hopes.

木雕作为我国民间传统艺术的一种，具有的古朴典雅、瑰丽华美的格调，精雕细琢的细腻，古朴流畅的线条，温润厚重的触感。那精雕细琢的美，那独一无二的奇，放在现代室内装饰中仍有着独特美感与艺术价值。木雕技艺蕴含着中国古人的智慧，也是中华民族特有的气质和文化素养的呈现。

Wood carving, as a kind of traditional folk art in China, has a simple, elegant, magnificent and beautiful style, exquisite carving, simple and smooth lines, and warm and thick touch. The exquisite beauty and unique wonder still have unique aesthetic feeling and artistic value in modern interior decoration...

木是生命之本，有着蓬勃的生机可以养人，能够让一个空间瞬间充满活力。木材与环境和谐，材料天然、健康环保，又能够调节温度、湿度，选用木材装饰的空间，会让人感到舒适和温馨，不仅提高了工作效率和生活乐趣，改善了人们的空间生活体验，更重要的是满足现代人们对于绿色自然生活的向往。

Wood is the foundation of life. It has vigorous vitality to support people and can make a space full of vitality in an instant. The wood is in harmony with the environment. The material is natural, healthy and environmentally friendly, and it can adjust the temperature and humidity. The space decorated with wood will make people feel comfortable and warm.

目前室内装饰中，适用于装饰的木材有黑胡桃木、水曲柳、橡木（白橡、红橡）、橡胶木、松木、榉木、胡桃木、柚木、杉木、香樟木、榆木、楠木(金丝楠）、樱桃木、枫木等，不同木种的价格、使用寿命、装饰效果都存在差异，这需要我们了解一些常用木材的性能特征才能做出最适合的选择。

At present, the wood suitable for decoration is black walnut, ash, oak (white oak, red oak), rubber wood, pine, beech, walnut, teak, fir, camphor, elm, phoebe (phoebe), cherry, maple, etc. The price, service life, and decorative effect of different wood species are different.

木材对光有柔和的反射，便得木材呈现出美丽的自然木纹和赏心悦目的颜色，让木材具有很强的装饰性效果。不同的木料有着不同的装饰表现，如明度、饱和度高的木材，使人感到明快、华丽、整洁、高雅和舒适。反之使人有深沉、稳重、素雅之感，而偏暖色调的木材则给人以更加温暖温馨之感。

The wood has a soft reflection on the light, so that the wood presents beautiful natural wood grain and pleasing color, which makes the wood have a strong decorative effect. Different wood materials have different decorative performances, such as wood with high lightness and saturation, which makes people feel bright, gorgeous, neat, elegant and comfortable.

木材的天然色差与木纹的自然差异是其他装饰材料所不具备的，木材的色差是天然的属性所决定的，日照、水分、土壤、温度都会影响树木的纹理和颜色。木的纹理是自然的沉淀与积累，其年轮、纹理往往能够构成一幅美丽画面，给人一种回归自然、返朴归真的感觉，而这也正是代表了自然的规律，体现出自然的美感。

The natural color difference of wood and the natural difference of wood grain are not possessed by other decorative materials. The color difference of wood is determined by its natural attributes. Sunlight, water, soil and temperature will affect the texture and color of trees. The texture of wood is the precipitation and accumulation of nature.

除了地板、天花板，木材还可以用于立面等设计，比如木质墙壁、木质门窗，还可以木屏风、木拉门、木格架、活动木墙甚至地台等方式作为软隔断、半隔断设计，让空间更加通透，达到延伸、扩大空间的效果。无论是大面积的木饰面、软隔断或者门窗等，通过运用天然木材都可以让室内充满自然气息。

In addition to the floor and ceiling, wood can also be used for facade design, such as wooden walls, wooden doors and windows, as well as wood screens, wooden sliding doors, wooden latticework, movable wood walls and even platforms, to make the space more transparent and achieve the effect of extending and expanding the space...